下面是小编为大家整理的形容词副词比较级和最高级用法附加专项练习题【优秀范文】,供大家参考。
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形容词和副词比较等级和最高级用法(2022/1/22 )
一.概念
英语中大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。原级即原形;比较级 表示“较……”,“更……”;最高级表示“最……”。少数形容词和副词只有原形,没有比较 级和最高级。如 right( 正确的 ), wrong , woolen( 羊毛制的 )等。
二.比较级和最高级的构成:
㈠规则变化的
又分两种情况:
⑴
单音节和少数双音节的变化规则
一般是比较级加-er ,er 发[-ə] ; 最高级加-est ,-est 发[-ist] 。分①“直接加” ” ;②“变
y
加” ” ;③“双写加”三种情况。具体如下:
①直接在词尾加-er, -est 。如 tall—taller, tallest; long—longer, longest 原词以e 结尾时直接加-r, -st。如 nicer—nicer, nicest; fine—finer, finest ②以“辅音字母+ y ”的,变
y 为
i 再加-er, -est 。如 easy—easier, easiest early—earlier, earliest; funny—funnier, funniest ③有些需要双写最后一个辅音字母在加-er, -est 。如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等。
fat—fatter, fattest; thin—thinner, thinnest;
big—bigger, biggest; hot—hotter, hottest;
red—redder, reddest; sad—sadder, saddest wet—wetter, wettest
⑵
多音节和部分双音节的变化规则
比较级是在原形前加
more ; 最高级是在原形前加
most 。如:
interesting—more interesting, most interesting beautiful—more beautiful, most beautiful slowly—more slowly, most slowly
㈡不规则变化的
要分别单独记忆,常见的有“多少好坏老远”等。
原形
比较级
最高级
Good/well better best Bad/ill worse Worst Many/much more Most little less Least far farther farthest
.用法与句型
㈠比较级的用法和句型
比较级一般用于两者(或两方)之间的比较。主要句型如下:
⑴ A … . B more. 例:1)Bob is tall. Mike is taller. 2)A car runs fast. A train runs faster. ⑵ B more than A 例:1)Mike is taller than Bob (is). 2)A train runs faster than a car. ⑶ Who/Which … more…, A or B? 例:1)Who is taller, Mike or Bob? 2)Which of them is taller, Mike or Bob? 3)Which runs faster, a car or a train? 说明:
①此句型中 who 指人;which 一般指物。但后跟of 短语时必须用 which 代替 who 指人(因为
who
后不能跟
of
短语),如例
2 )。
②此句型中的 or 不可改为 and。
⑷more and more 句型
即“比较级
+
and
+ (同一个)比较级”句型。此句型表示“越来越……”。如果是用 more 帮助构成的比较级,只重复 more。
例:
1)Our life is better and better. 2)You look more and more beautiful. * ⑸The more …, the more … 句型
具体结构:The + 比较级 + 一个句子,the + 另一比较级 + 一个句子。表示“越……越……“。
例:The harder you study, the better grades you will get. ㈡最高级的用法和句型
最高级一般用于三者(或三者以上)之间的比较。主要句型如下:
⑴ A … . B more. C the most. 例:1)Bob is tall. Mike is taller. John is the tallest. 2)A car runs fast. A train runs faster. A plane runs (the) fastest.
⑵
the most + of + 范围;或
the most + in + 范围例:1)John is the tallest of the students. 比较:John is the tallest in the class. 2)China is the largest of the countries. 比较:China is the largest in the world. 说明:当主语和范围 属于“同类概念”时要用介词 of ;当主语和范围 不属于“同类概念”
时则用介词 in。如例 1)中第一个句子,我们可以说主语 John 是学生,后面的范围也是学生,属于“同类概念”,所以用介词
of 。而第二个句子主语
John
是学生,后面的范围是班级,不属于“同类概念”,所以用介词
in 。
⑶ Who/Which … the most…, A, B or C? 例:1)Who is tallest, Mike, Bob or John? 2)Which of them is tallest, Mike, Bob or John? 3)Which runs fastest, a car, a train or a plane? ⑷ one of the most 例:This is one of the most interesting books. ㈢原级的用法和句型
原级即原形,一般不用于比较,如:
My
bother
is
very
tall
and
thin.
但也可用于
as
…
as
句型 ,
在两者(或两方)之间进行比较。具体句型如下:
⑴肯定式:A as + adj./adv. + as B A 和
B 一样……
例:1)Mike is as tall as Bob (is). Mike 和 Bob 一样高。
2)He draws as well as the teacher (does). 他和老师画得一样好。
⑵否定式:A not so/as + adj/adv. + as B A 不如
B ……
√
要 注意译法 ,决不可译为:
A
和
B
不一样……×!
!例:1)Bob is not so/as tall as Mike (is). Bob 没有 Mike 高。
2)He doesn’t so/as well as the teacher (does). 他没有老师画得好。
说明:
①当
as
..
as
句型是否定式时,第一个
as
通常可以改用
so (见上面)
)
,但肯定式不可以。
②as … as 句型中间有时还可以插入名词,其顺序为:as + adj.+ a/an +n .+ as 。如
Japanese is (not) as difficult a language as Chinese.
* 四.值得注意的问题
㈠使用比较级句型时要准确抓住比较部分,弄清是什么和什么作比较。(有时不能单从汉语字面上去判断,要根据意义!有时还要改变句型)
例:1)他比我胖。He is fatter than me. 2)他比我的性格更外向。He is more outgoing than me(mine × ). 3)他的书法比我好。His handwriting is better than mine(me ×).
4)他的朋友比我多 。
His friends are more than mine.× →He has more friends than me. √ 5)
我们今年学的科目比去年多。
We learn more subjects this year than (we did) last year.
6)
他们班的女生比我们的女生活泼。
The girls in their class are more active than the girls in our class.
㈡比较级的范围要 排斥主语; 最高级的范围要 包含主语
⑴比较级范围要排斥主语,以避免与自身比较 。需要 排斥 时可用 other 或
else 。例:1)比较:
可以说 John is stronger than any girl in his class. √ 不可说 Tina is stronger than any girl in her class. ×
→Tina is stronger than any other girl in her class. √ 2)She is thinner than anyone in her class. × →She is thinner than anyone else in her class. √ ⑵与比较级句型相反 ,最高级的范围必须包含主语。
例:1)比较:
不可说 John is the strongest of the girls in his class.× 可以说 Tina is the strongest of the girls in her class. √ 或者说 John is the strongest of the boys in his class. √ 或者说 John is the strongest of the students in his class. √ 2 )
Mary is the tallest of
. A. the sisters B. her sisters C. her friends D. the boys
㈢最高级前的冠词问题
⑴形容词最高级前一般要用定冠词
the ;副词最高级前常省
the 。例:1)He is the best student in our class. 2)He draws (the) best in our class.
⑵比较级前已用了
one’s 等其它限定词时,必须省
the 。例:He is my best friend in our class. ㈣比较级句型中连词
than 后用
me 还是用
I 比较下列说法:
1 )
He is taller than I am. =He is taller than me. 2)He knows you better than I know you. 他比我更了解你。即:我了解你,他更了解你。
≠He knows me better than you know me.
他比你更了解我。即:你了解我,他更了解我。
说明:在不造成歧义的情况下,在than 后可用宾格人称代词
me 等代替主格人称代词
I 等。如上述例
1 )。不过在
than
后用主格人称代词时,其后常用“情
助
be ”。又如:
He
gets
up
earlier
than
I
do.
=He
gets
up
earlier
than
me.
㈤比较级句型连词
than 后的省略和代替
为了 突出和强调比较部分,比较级句型连词 than 后,通常用省略式,省略与前面主句重复的成分;或者用 代词等代替与前面主句重复的成分。见以上各例。
例:The milk in my cup is more delicious than the milk in your cup is. →The milk in my cup is more delicious than thatin yours.
㈥比较级、最高级以及
as ... as 句型中的修饰语
⑴比较级的修饰语:常见的有 still(更),even(甚至更,还要);some(稍微),any(稍微);a lot(……得多),much(……得多);a little(=a bit)(稍微,一点,一些);twice(两倍),three times(三倍)等等。
例:1)Are you feeling any better today? —Yes, I’m feeling some better. 2)He is a little(much, a head ) taller than me. 他比我稍高一点(高得多,高一头)。
3)He is twice older than me. 他的年龄比我大两倍。4)He is two years older than me. 他比我大两岁。
⑵最高级的修饰语:常见的有 much( 放于冠词 the 之前 )=very( 放于冠词 the 之后 )(最大程度地,完全), first(second, third …)等等。
例:1)This is much the best. =This is the very best. 这是最好最好的。
2 )
Huanghe River is the second longest river in our country.
3 )
He is the first tallest in our class.
⑶as … as 句型的修饰语:常见的有 about(大约), almost(几乎),just(恰恰,正好), twice(两倍),third times (三倍)等等。
例:1)He is about/almost/just as tall as me. 他大约/几乎/恰恰和我一样高。
2)He is three times as old as me. =He is twice older than me. ㈦比较级句型、最高级句型和(not) as … as 句型的转换 ——三种句型之间可以转换例:1)She is the thinnest in her class. =She is thinner than anyone else in her class.
=She is not as fat as anyone else in her class.
2)This ruler is twice as long as that one.
=This ruler is once longer than that one.
㈧比较级前用
the 的一种情况
比较级前一般不用冠词,但表示“两者中较……的一个”时要用the。例:He is the stronger of the two. (strong 强壮的) 此时,也可用最高级:He is the strongest of the two.(但是较少用)
㈨几组应特别注意的比较级
⑴more 的用法 ——有 3 个 ①作 many 或 much 的比较级。如I have more books(bread) than he does. ②帮助多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级。如I’m more outgoing than my sister. *③放于表数量的词之后,表示“另外的”、“另加的”、“还(有)”、“再”等。如 1 )
The child has ate some apples. And he wants two more (apples).这个孩子吃了两个苹果了,他还想再要两个/一些。2)Would you like some more rice?要不要再来点米? 3)A few more students went.又有几个学生回家了。
⑵most 的用法 ——有 3 个 ①作 many 或 much 的最高级。如I have most books(bread) of all. ②帮助多音节的形容词或副词构成最高级。如I’m most outgoing in our class. ③作“大多数;大部分”(前面不用冠词)。此用法与最高级无关系。修饰或代替可数名词或不可数名词均可。例如:1)Most (of the) students like music. 2 )Most of them/us like music. 3 )
Most (of the) work is difficult; 4)Most of it is difficult. ⑶less 、least 的用法 ——有 2 个
①作 little(少的)的比较级和最高级。如 I have less free time than you. And I have the least free time of us three. ②帮助各种音节的形容词或副词构成否定意义的比较级和最高级。
less
表示“较不……”, least表示“最不……”。
例:1)He is less tall than me. =He isn’t as tall as me. 2 )
This book is less interesting than that one. 这本书没有那本书有趣。
3 )
This book is the least interesting of all. 在这所有书当中这本书是最没有趣的。
⑷older, oldest 与
elder, eldest 区别
older, oldest 可以表示年龄、物品的破旧、时间的久远等;可作定语或表语。而 elder, eldest 只用于家庭成员的长幼关系,并且只可放于名词前作定语。
例:1)His eldest son is a policeman. 2 )
Her elder bother is one year older than me. 3)This car is older than that one. 4)China is one of the four oldest countries.
⑸farther, farthest 与
further, furthest 的区别
表示距离时 further=farther(较远的), farthest=farthest(最远的)。另外,further, furthest 还可以表示表示程度等引申意义:
further
表示“更进一步的(地)”, furthest
表示“最大程度的(地)”,此时不可改用 farther, farthest。
例 :1)Li Lei’s home is farther/further from the school than Wang Hai’s. And Lily’s home is the farthest/furthest. 2)We will go further into the question. 我们将进一步研究这个问题。
比较级最高级专项练习
(一)
写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:
long
wide
fat
heavy
slow
few
beautiful
badly
far
quickly
happy
( 二) 用所给词...
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